[88] The SS provided 64,000 prisoners for 20 separate projects from various concentration camps including Mittelbau-Dora. Speer states that even if Germany concentrated all of its resources, it would have been 1947 before they could have had an atom bomb. [54], In 1941, Speer was elected to the Reichstag from electoral constituency 2 (Berlin-West). Speer's mother asked Albert to do something to get Ernst out. Mr. Speer had been taken to the . His sister's name was Carrie. Albert Speer. Speer did not act on the request until mid-January 1943. It was used for Nazi propaganda rallies and can be seen in Leni Riefenstahl's propaganda film Triumph of the Will. [108] On 29 April, the day before committing suicide, Hitler dictated a final political testament which dropped Speer from the successor government. [26], The image of the good Nazi was supported by numerous Speer myths. Want to Read. The Soviet Union, having demanded a death sentence at trial, was unwilling to entertain a reduced sentence. Speer, Albert, born 19-03-1905 in Mannheim, Baden Wrttemberg, as second of three brothers, Hermann born 1902 and Ernst born 1906, of Albert Friedrich Speer and Louise Mathilde Wilhelmine Speer (born Hommel). Many more buildings were planned. This miracle was brought to a halt in the summer of 1943 by, among other factors, the first sustained Allied bombing. The manuscript led to two books: first Erinnerungen ("Recollections") (Propylen/Ullstein, 1969), which was translated into English and published by Macmillan in 1970 as Inside the Third Reich; then as Spandauer Tagebcher ("Spandau Diaries") (Propylen/Ullstein, 1975), which was translated into English and published by Macmillan in 1976 as Spandau: The Secret Diaries. [84] Production of German fighter aircraft more than doubled between 1943 and 1944. A lbert Speer was born in 1905 in Mannheim to an upper-middle-class family that had benefited from Germany's meteoric economic growth. If Speer, who had been so close to Hitler, had not known the full extent of the crimes of the Nazi regime and had just been "following orders", then they could tell themselves and others they too had done the same. He set about extending his power and influence with unexpected ambition. [178] The production of armaments did go up; however, this was due to the normal causes of reorganization before Speer came to office, the relentless mobilization of slave labor and a deliberate reduction in the quality of output to favor quantity. Schmidt authored the first book that was highly critical of Speer. Speer's father ran one of the more prosperous architecture firms in the area. Speer with his children Albert and Hilde, front, and Margret, Arnold and Fritz, back. [77], Speer and his hand-picked director of submarine construction Otto Merker believed that the shipbuilding industry was being held back by outdated methods, and revolutionary new approaches imposed by outsiders would dramatically improve output. When asked by his Allied captors in 1945 to what extent German military strategy had been influenced by economic considerations, Albert Speer, Hitler's armaments minister, replied that in the case of OperationBarbarossathe need for oil was certainly a prime motive. Indeed, even during initial discussions of his plan to invade the Soviet Union, Hitler had stressed the absolute necessity of . [179], Little remains of Speer's personal architectural works, other than the plans and photographs. He was acquitted on the other two counts. [18], The organizers of the 1933 Nuremberg Rally asked Speer to submit designs for the rally, bringing him into contact with Hitler for the first time. I thought he was to be relieved quite early from the Kessel, from influence of Albert Speer. [11] As such, Speer taught some of his classes while continuing his own postgraduate studies. Men da Moritz Schramm var barn, var det et andet blik, han havde p morfaren. [9] In 1925, he transferred again, this time to the Technical University of Berlin where he studied under Heinrich Tessenow, whom Speer greatly admired. Speer died of a stroke in 1981. As a Nazi Party member, she had greatly enjoyed dining with Hitler. This criticism is mainly presented by the documentary film "Speer Goes to Hollywood" by the director Vanessa Lapa. This ignored military realities, as the German armed forces were unable to match the Allies' firepower and were facing total defeat. [58] Characteristically Hitler did not give Speer any clear remit; he was left to fight his contemporaries in the regime for power and control. by punktlich02 29 Oct 2009, 11:35, Return to The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section. [146] Adam Tooze in his book The Wages of Destruction said Speer had manoeuvred himself through the ranks of the regime skillfully and ruthlessly and that the idea he was a technocrat blindly carrying out orders was "absurd". The Israeli documentary "Speer Goes to Hollywood," directed by Vanessa Lapa, traces this attempted 1970s reinvention of Albert Speer, who served as Hitler's architect and was sentenced . The exterior walls survived, but they were eventually dismantled by the Soviets. He added a stone exterior that pleased Hitler. The journalist described an invented scenario in which Speer had refused Hitler's orders and Hitler had left with tears in his eyes. 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This is followed by an epilogue dealing with the end of the war in Europe and the resulting Nuremberg trials, in which Speer was sentenced to a 20-year prison term for his actions during the war. August 1, 2017. It became instrumental in exploiting slave labor for the benefit of the German war effort. In February 1942, Speer was appointed as Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production. Speer enthusiastically supported the program and in March 1942 made an order for A4 rockets, the predecessor of the world's first ballistic missile, the V-2 rocket. Albert Speer (1905-1981) was a trained architect. The building was able to hold 340,000 people. Albert Speer was a German architect who is known in the history as 'the man who built Nazi Germany' and also 'the Nazi who said sorry' for accepting moral responsibility of the atrocities his Nazi party committed. In his writings, Speer claimed to have finished five thousand books while in prison. [165] Trommer said he was not an apolitical technocrat; instead, he was one of the most powerful and unscrupulous leaders in the Nazi regime. [30] Nuremberg was the site of many official Nazi buildings. After joining the Nazi Party in 1930, Speer became Adolf Hitler's personal architect. Once Speer became aware of the existence of the fund, he sent detailed instructions about what to do with the money. [69], As head of Organisation Todt, Speer was directly involved in the construction and alteration of concentration camps. I presumably had a sense of somber events. Martin Kitchen, a British historian, says that the choice was not surprising. He coveted control of the production of armaments for the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine as well. [137], Speer's release from prison was a worldwide media event. [183], This article is about the Nazi minister. letters that exist between ernst and the parents which he wrote and William. Inside the Third Reich. It had been edited by Wolters and made no mention of the Jews. The film began a process of demystification and critical reappraisal. [151] His daughter, Margret Nissen, wrote in her 2005 memoirs that after his release from Spandau he spent all of his time constructing the "Speer Myth". [123], In 1949, Wolters opened a bank account for Speer and began fundraising among those architects and industrialists who had benefited from Speer's activities during the war. [55] On 8 February 1942, Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions Fritz Todt died in a plane crash shortly after taking off from Hitler's eastern headquarters at Rastenburg. The existing Berlin railroad termini were to be dismantled, and two large new stations built. [70], Speer realized that with six million workers drafted into the armed forces, there was a labor shortage in the war economy, and not enough workers for his factories. Victoria married. He had claimed that he was unaware of Nazi extermination plans, and the Allies had no proof that he was aware. [34] Hitler ordered Speer to develop plans to rebuild Berlin. Beginning in 1948, Speer had the services of Toni Proost, a sympathetic Dutch orderly to smuggle mail and his writings. Thanks! Ultimately, when their emergence involved the ruin of all his work, Speer accepted the consequences and acted. Born 1906 [location unknown] Ancestors. Trevor-Roper frequently refers to Speer as "a technocrat [who] nourished a technocrat's philosophy", one who cared only for his building projects or his ministerial duties, and who thought that politics was irrelevant, at least until Hitler's Nero Decree which Speer, according to his own telling, worked assiduously to counter. According to Speer's daughter Hilde Schramm, "One by one my sister and brothers gave up. On 20 July 1942, Speer was enrolled by order of Heinrich Himmler as a SS Man/member of. He suffered a stroke and died in London on 1 September. (Black and white photographs from Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth by Gitta Sereny, published by Picador) To date, the foundation has given more than 500,000 in grants to more than 100 Jewish women for projects. On one such business trip, Speer's friend and close associate Hans Stephan unexpectedly found himself on the frontlines of war, an account he would later publish as Niederlndisches Tagebuch [Dutch Diary].The 38-year-old senior manager of GBI's planning department was on a multicity lecture tour to discuss "building in the new Germany and the redesign of the Reich capital." [16][b] The same year, with stipends shrinking amid the Depression, Speer surrendered his position as Tessenow's assistant and moved to Mannheim, hoping to make a living as an architect. The relationship will always amaze. [80], In December 1943, Speer visited Organisation Todt workers in Lapland, while there he seriously damaged his knee and was incapacitated for several months. [174] Heinrich Breloer, discussing the construction of Auschwitz, said Speer was not just a cog in the workhe was the "terror itself". Unsubstantiated rumors have claimed that the remains were used for other building projects such as the Humboldt University, Mohrenstrae metro station and Soviet war memorials in Berlin. He goes on to say that at the Nuremberg Trial he stated he "had to share the total responsibility for all that had happened", and that he "was inescapably contaminated morally". Albert Speer (Mannheim, Nmetorszg, 1905. mrcius 19. He took a role in that short-lived regime as Minister of Industry and Production. In September 1945, he was told that he would be tried for war crimes, and several days later, he was moved to Nuremberg and incarcerated there. Yet development and production would take at least two years. Speer's own staff described the conditions there as "hell". Speer described the personalities of many Nazi officials, including Joseph Goebbels, Hermann Gring, Heinrich Himmler, Rudolf Hess, Martin Bormann, and, of course, Hitler himself. The houses still look very much the same. While they were there his friend, Nazi Party official Karl Hanke recommended the young architect to Joseph Goebbels to help renovate the Party's Berlin headquarters. His father, the son and grandson of architects, had joined the Nazi party in 1931 and soon . Albert Speer, Hitler's architect, who became Minister of Armaments and War Production in World War II, died today at St. Mary's Hospital. [174], Speer did not deny being present at the Posen speeches to Nazi leaders at a conference in Posen (Pozna) on 6 October 1943, but claimed to have left the auditorium before Himmler said during his speech: "The grave decision had to be taken to cause this people to vanish from the earth",[175] and later, "The Jews must be exterminated". The oldest brother turned into a thorn in his youger brother When you take it you'll get to an open field where you can see the Speer houses. [81], In response to the Allied Big Week, Adolf Hitler authorized the creation of a Fighter Staff committee. - Han var ikke sdan en morfar, man sad p skdet af, og . Speer's full length portrait of Hitler has unnerving reality. I recommend this book without reservations. One thing that happened in early 1840 of Victoria time was that [76], Following his appointment as Minister of Armaments, Speer was in control of armaments production solely for the Army. Albert Speer was a young architect initially seduced by the speeches and rhetoric of Hitler. His mother died in 1952. For the television film based on the book, see, :55,71,7879,83,105,115116,138,188,651,674,696, Sarah Word from the British film magazine ", Reich Ministry of Armaments and War Production, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inside_the_Third_Reich&oldid=1132240858, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 7 January 2023, at 23:15. [124], The prisoners were forbidden to write memoirs. [182], During the war, the Speer-designed Reich Chancellery was largely destroyed by air raids and in the Battle of Berlin. by Durand 27 Jul 2005, 14:18, Post [26] Brechtken added that, throughout Speer's life, his central motives were to gain power, rule, and acquire wealth. 46.104 since 1942 - according to himself he declined all Ehrenrnge offered, but in the end accepted the Rank of a SS-Mann. Speer went on to quote Hitler as telling him privately after the remilitarization of the Rhineland, "We will create a great empire. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (/pr/; German: [pe] (listen); 19 March 1905 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II. With Rutger Hauer, John Gielgud, Maria Schell, Blythe Danner. I myself must carry this out. Speer, Jr., an eighty-two-year-old with a perennially serious expression and a fondness for energetic hand motions, is one of Germany's best-known urban planners. [176] Speer is mentioned several times in the speech, and Himmler addresses him directly. He admitted only to being uncomfortable around Jews in the published version of the Spandau Diaries. Sereny gained respect for his sincerity in his personal "battle with truth.". At the end of July 1942, a lack of fuel brought Paulus to a halt at Kalach. Importantly, he provided an alibi to older Germans who had been Nazis. like so many other Germans his body was never found or returned to . [62], Speer was fted at the time, and in the post-war era, for performing an "armaments miracle" in which German war production dramatically increased. [156] Speer took his myth-making to a mass media level and his "cunning apologies" were reproduced frequently in post-war Germany. Albert Speer, nemki arhitekt in politik, * 19. marec 1905, Mannheim, 1. september 1981, London, Zdrueno kraljestvo . [citation needed], At the Nuremberg Trials, Speer was sentenced to 20 years in prison for his use of prisoners in the armaments factories while Minister of Armaments. Concerned about retaining power, he did not appoint a deputy and continued to direct work of the Armaments Ministry from his bedside. [79] This belief proved incorrect, and Speer and Merker's attempt to build the Kriegsmarine's new generation of submarines, the Type XXI and Type XXIII, as prefabricated sections at different facilities rather than at single dockyards contributed to the failure of this strategically important program. [144] Wolters' friendship with Speer deteriorated and one year before Speer's death Wolters gave Matthias Schmidt access to the unedited Chronicle. "[3], On the other hand, in a 1973 Bryn Mawr College review, Barbara Miller Lane wrote, "Scholars have observed so many gaps in his account of the operation of his ministry as to shed considerable doubt on the whole. [45] Kristallnacht accelerated Speer's ongoing efforts to dispossess Berlin's Jews from their homes. He met Hitler and toured the damaged Chancellery before leaving Berlin to return to Hamburg. I'd like to know more about his life; all I know is that he was inside Stalingrad's. These factories were death-traps; discipline was brutal, with regular executions. [77] His close relationship with Hitler provided him with political protection, and he was able to outwit and outmaneuver his rivals in the regime. [29] Speer insisted that as many events as possible be held at night, both to give greater prominence to his lighting effects and to hide the overweight Nazis. all Albert Speer wanted was to feel important. Air attacks on the transport network were particularly effective, as they cut the main centres of production off from essential coal supplies. It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding his degree of awareness or involvement with them. The SS called this "Professor Speer's Special Programme". [83] His political rivals used the opportunity to undermine his authority and damage his reputation with Hitler. This carried with it the rank of State Secretary in the Reich government and gave him extraordinary powers over the Berlin city government. [155] In addition to the myth that he was an apolitical technocrat, he claimed he did not have full knowledge of the Holocaust or the persecution of the Jews. On 23 May, two weeks after the surrender of German forces, British troops arrested the members of the Flensburg Government and brought Nazi Germany to a formal end. [101], By mid-March, Speer had accepted that Germany's economy would collapse within the next eight weeks. His architectural skills made him increasingly prominent within the Party, and he became a member of Hitler's inner circle. It began in 1932 but had not supplied any weaponry. A scene from 'Rise of the Nazis' Photo: 72 Films. [46] Eventually, 75,000 Jews were displaced by these measures. Finally, Speer states, "Because I failed at the time, I still feel, to this day, responsible for Auschwitz in a wholly personal sense. He fabricated the additional details. Speer cancelled some hours before take-off because the previous night he had been up late in a meeting with Hitler. First Architect of the Third Reich. [1]:314320, Speer describes Wunderwaffen such as the Me 262 project, flying wing jet planes, a remote-controlled flying bomb, a rocket plane, a rocket missile based on infrared homing, designs for a four-motored jet bomber with the range to strike New York, and a torpedo based on sonar. Then it was too late; Germany had been destroyed. [119] While three of the eight judges (two Soviet and American Francis Biddle) advocated the death penalty for Speer, the other judges did not, and a compromise sentence was reached after two days of discussions. [14] The couple would have six children together, but Albert Speer grew increasingly distant from his family after 1933. [105] Speer ended them, though the army continued to blow up bridges. Speer's books were a success; the public was fascinated by an inside view of the Third Reich. Speer was formally arrested on May 23rd. Carefully measuring distance travelled each day, he mapped distances to the real-world geography. The family learned of this through some letters Ernst sent. [78] In August 1943, he took control of most of the Ministry of Economics, to become, in Admiral Dnitz's words, "Europe's economic dictator". [31] Speer designed the German Pavilion for the 1937 international exposition in Paris. the eldest went to visit his brother while in spandau prison and He also cites the use of the V-2 as a terror weapon, rather than continued development of the ground-to-air defensive Waterfall rocket. When the commission was completed, Speer returned to Mannheim and remained there as Hitler took office in January1933. At the southern end of the avenue, a great triumphal arch, almost 400 feet (120m) high and able to fit the Arc de Triomphe inside its opening, was planned. [77] By July 1943, he had gained control of armaments production for the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine. [177], The armaments "miracle" was a myth; Speer had used statistical manipulation to support his claims. The Speer houses are on the right side. [166] Another myth centered around a faked plan to assassinate Hitler with poisonous gas. [29] Speer modified Werner March's design for the Olympic Stadium being built for the 1936 Summer Olympics. Initially, the funds were used only to support Speer's family, but increasingly the money was used for other purposes. [74] In occupied areas of the Soviet Union, that had been subject to partisan action, civilian men and women were rounded up en masse and sent to work forcibly in Germany. For a treatise on this aspect of the war including Speer's involvement see: Randall, Hansen, Last edited on 17 February 2023, at 08:56, Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production, Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions, "Trials of the War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals, Volume II: The Milch Case", "Wartime reports debunk Speer as the good Nazi", "Letter proves Speer knew of Holocaust plan", "Historiker ber Albert Speer: "Er tat alles fr den Endsieg", "Rechtfertigung und Entlastung. alberts side and was generally desribed as a wastrel. By July 1943 Speer's armaments propaganda became irrelevant because a catalogue of dramatic defeats on the battlefield meant the prospect of losing the war could no longer be hidden from the German public. She was a kind and simple lady, living for her children. In 1937, Hitler appointed Speer as General Building Inspector for Berlin. [118] On 1 October 1946, he was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment. Son of Albert Friedrich Speer and Luise Mathilde Wilhelmine (Hommel) Speer. From 1946 to 1966, while serving the sentence in Spandau Prison, he penned more than 2,000 manuscript pages of personal memoirs. This is an apolitical forum for discussions on the Axis nations and related topics hosted by the Axis History Factbook in cooperation with Christian Ankerstjernes Panzerworld and Christoph Awender's WW2 day by day. Hitler appointed Speer as head of the Chief Office for Construction, which placed him nominally on Hess's staff. Inside the Third Reich: Directed by Marvin J. Chomsky. The idea for this myth came to him after he recalled the panic when car fumes came through an air ventilation system. [91], On 14 April 1944, Speer lost control of Organisation Todt to his Deputy, Franz Xaver Dorsch. Speer provided Hitler with a memorandum on 15 March, which detailed Germany's dire economic situation and sought approval to cease demolitions of infrastructure. He was more forthright in an interview with William Hamsher in which he said he joined the party in order to save "Germany from Communism". Die Zelle. Speer made no mention of it in the first draft of Inside the Third Reich. Trevor-Roper who calls Speer an administrative genius whose basic instincts were peaceful and constructive does take Speer to task, however, for his failure to recognize the immorality of Hitler and Nazism, calling him "the real criminal of Nazi Germany":[161], For ten years he sat at the very centre of political power; his keen intelligence diagnosed the nature and observed the mutations of Nazi government and policy; he saw and despised the personalities around him; he heard their outrageous orders and understood their fantastic ambitions; but he did nothing. While dozens of submarines were built, few ever entered service. [158] Kitchen said he had deceived the Nuremberg Tribunal and post-war Germany. [spouse (s) unknown] [children unknown] Died 1943 at about age 37 in Stalingrad, Russia. By the time Prisoner Number 5Albert Speerwalked out of Spandau Prison on 1 October 1966, he was known to the world as the "Good Nazi.". Despite his opposition to the 20 July plot, he falsely claimed in his memoirs to have been sympathetic to the plotters. [155] Isabell Trommer writes in her biography of Speer that Fest and Siedler were co-authors of Speer's memoirs and co-creators of his myths. Inside the Third Reich (German: Erinnerungen, "Memories") is a memoir written by Albert Speer, the Nazi Minister of Armaments from 1942 to 1945, serving as Adolf Hitler's main architect before this period. [15] Instead, he revised his Spandau writings into two autobiographical books, Inside the Third Reich (in German, Erinnerungen, or Reminiscences[140]) and Spandau: The Secret Diaries. [152], After his release from Spandau, Speer portrayed himself as the "good Nazi". Hitler's cabinet was dismayed at his tactics, but, regardless, he was able to accumulate new responsibilities and more power. Paradoxically, when Speer died in 1981, he was described by the New York Times as a . Speer's Heidelberg school offered rugby football, unusual for Germany, skiing, and Speer was a participant. In the letter, Speer says, "There is no doubtI was present as Himmler announced on October 6, 1943, that all Jews would be killed. Albert Einstein lived in the USA, so was not where the holocaust During the winter of 194142, in the light of Germany's disastrous defeat in the Battle of Moscow, the German leadership including Friedrich Fromm, Georg Thomas and Fritz Todt had come to the conclusion that the war could not be won. [121] There he was known as Prisoner Number Five. In July1932, the Speers visited Berlin to help out the Party before the Reichstag elections. In 1942, he was named Minister of Armaments and Munitions, assuming significant responsibility for the German war economy. By Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. His sentence of twenty years amounted to 7,305 days, which only allotted one and a half days per book. [10] After passing his exams in 1927, Speer became Tessenow's assistant, a high honor for a man of 22. Der er bare lige den hage ved Moritz Schramms morfar, at han var den kendte topnazist Albert Speer fra Hitlers inderkreds, og at han i dag anses for at vre en af Anden Verdenskrigs helt store forbrydere. For a man of 22 it had been up late in a meeting with Hitler ;... & quot ; [ 30 ] Nuremberg was the site of many official Nazi buildings of! Death sentence at trial, was unwilling to entertain a reduced sentence described. Heidelberg school offered rugby football, unusual for Germany, skiing, and he became member... 'S own staff described the conditions there as Hitler took office in January1933 with the money was for... 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To the real-world geography children Albert and Hilde, front, and large... Were built, few ever entered service sincerity in his eyes was dismayed at his,! And made no mention of the Nazis & # x27 ; s personal architect a young architect seduced... Hell '' for other purposes, `` one by one my sister and brothers gave.. 10 ] after passing his exams in 1927, Speer 's Special ''! And made no mention of the German war economy trained architect would take at least two years Speer lost of! One my sister and brothers gave up 26 ], in 1941, Speer a! Havde p morfaren found or returned to regular executions inner circle ] Another myth around... Of submarines were built, few ever entered service Blythe albert speer brother stalingrad Himmler as a wastrel 1946, he was to! Several times in the area at trial, was unwilling to entertain reduced. Letters that exist between Ernst and the parents which he wrote and William were displaced by these measures Ernst...